高中英语2025届高考定语从句基础知识讲解
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1、高考英语定语从句基础知识讲解一、用关系代词还是关系副词?引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词:who,which,that,whom,whose,指代的是人或物,在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语关系代词指代对象在从句中的成分能否省略who人主不能介词+which物,句子主,宾,表作宾语可以省that人,物主,宾,表作宾语可以省介词+whom人宾可以省whose人,物定不能省关系副词:when,where,why,指代的时间,地点,原因,在从句中作状语关系副词指代对象在从句中的成分能否省略when时间名词时间状语不能where地点名词地点状语不能why原因原因状语不能He ist
2、he man whom/(that) I saw yesterday.whom指代的是the man,从句中作宾语This isa car whichyou gave me.which指代car,从句中作宾语He isa good person whowould like to help anyone.who指代person,从句中作主语His father diedthe year whenhe was born.when指代的是时间the year,从句中作时间状语This isthe place whereshe works.where指代的地点,从句中作地点状语。用关系代词还是用关系副
3、词,可以用两个方法判断:方法一:看从句中的谓语,及物动词后面没有宾语,那就用关系代词,不及物动词后面不能直接接宾语,需要介词来连接,这也就是我们说的when,where,why相当于介词+which。我们常犯的错就是看见地点就选where,看见时间就选when,下面看两个错误例句:This is the mountainvillagewhereI visited last year.(X)从句的谓语是visit,是及物动词,及物动词后直接跟宾语,那么就用关系代词,从句中缺的是宾语,应该用关系代词whichI will never forgetthe dayswhenI spent in the
4、 countryside.(X)从句的谓语是spent,是及物动词,从句中缺少spend宾语,所以应该用关系代词which方法二:看从句的成分,缺少的是哪部分,先行词可以作从句中的哪个成分。This is themuseum_ the exhibitionwasheld.从句the exhibition was held,谓语动词是was held,从句主谓完整,那么先行词在从句中充当的是地点状语,所以选择关系副词,表示地点的whereThis is thehouse_ I oncelived.live是不及物动词,后面要跟介词,从句I once lived是主+谓结构,不缺成分,因此hous
5、e只能做状语。where/in which,做从句的地点状语。This is thehouse_ I oncevisited.visite是及物动词,后面直接跟宾语。从句I once visited后缺宾语,找关系代词做宾语。填that/which/不填,因that/which在定语从句中做宾语可省略。从上面的例句可以看出:从句缺了主要成分用的都是关系代词,因为关系代词在从句中充当主语,宾语,表语,定语而从句中不缺主要成分,就用关系副词,充当状语。二、关系副词与介词+which的互换从句缺了主要成分用的都是关系代词,因为关系代词在从句中充当主语,宾语,表语,定语,而从句中不缺主要成分,就用关系副词,充当状语。I hate the citywhereI lost my wallet.先行词是city,I lost my wallet(in the city).从句不缺成分,city是地点状语,所以用关系副词wherewhere=in whichI dont understand whyhe went to beijing.I dont understand the reason我不明白(原因)He went to Beijing for the reason他去北京为了(原因)先行词是reason,从句不缺成分,reason作原因状语,用关系副词whywhy= for which
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